{"id":2387,"date":"2021-09-23T12:22:53","date_gmt":"2021-09-23T12:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/?p=2387"},"modified":"2023-03-07T10:59:21","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T10:59:21","slug":"magento-database-type","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/magento-database-type","title":{"rendered":"Magento Database Types Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"h3\">Introduction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Magento provides <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/industries\/ecommerce\" target=\"_blank\">ecommerce<\/a> solutions to businesses regardless of their type or size. In order to support a wide variety of business models Magento's database needs to be flexible and scalable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Magento databases use the EAV model to store data. This approach enables merchants to add and update attributes without modifying the core database schema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn everything about Magento database types<\/strong> and take full advantage of its atypical database structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/magento-database-types-explained.png\" alt=\"Merchant storing data into a database\/suitecase.\" class=\"wp-image-2389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/magento-database-types-explained.png 800w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/magento-database-types-explained-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/magento-database-types-explained-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">EAV Data Model<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The EAV (Entity-Attribute-Value) data model stores entities, attributes, and attribute-value pairs in separate tables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Entity <\/strong>- An entity is an individual customer, product, order, etc. Every entity needs to have a unique database record.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Attribute <\/strong>- Attributes describe an entity. For example, a product has a color, size, or price, while a customer has a name or email. Attribute tables contain columns with attribute IDs, names, data types, as well as columns for validating input values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Value <\/strong>- The value is paired with an attribute. For example, the attribute <em>Price<\/em> has the value <em>$11<\/em>, while the value of the attribute <em>Email<\/em> is <em>customeremail@example.com<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/blog\/ecommerce-store\" target=\"_blank\">Ecommerce stores<\/a> need to use lots of attributes to describe different entities. However, only a small number of attributes are used for individual entity-attribute pairs. This means that the majority of rows in a conventional <a href=\"https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/what-is-a-database\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">database model<\/a> contain a NULL value.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/eav-database-model.png\" alt=\"A basic overview of an EAV data model.\" class=\"wp-image-2394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/eav-database-model.png 800w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/eav-database-model-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/eav-database-model-768x358.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In a <a href=\"https:\/\/phoenixnap.com\/kb\/what-is-a-relational-database\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">relational schema<\/a>, attributes are stored as columns, while the EAV model records attributes in rows. This approach allows database administrators to add and modify attributes easily and also avoid storing empty values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">EAV Advantages<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">EAV Drawbacks<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Scalable and more flexible than the traditional relational model.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Queries require multiple table joins and are slower than in relational databases.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Administrators can introduce new attributes without altering the database structure.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tasks that involve large volumes of EAV structured data may require additional logic and tools.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Conserves space by not storing NULL values.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Developers unfamiliar with the EAV model may encounter a steep learning curve.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Magento utilizes the EAV model and the standard relational database schema to overcome some of the limitations of a pure EAV approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Magento Databases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Magento records data sets across multiple core tables. Common Magento database tables include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>catalog_product_entity<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>catalog_category_entity<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>catalog_category_product<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>customer_entity<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>sales_order<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>sales_order_item<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>quote<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Large ecommerce stores need to use many additional tables to effectively store, relate, and extract valuable data from the database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Products<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The rows of the <strong><code>catalog_product_entity<\/code><\/strong> table represent individual products. When an administrator creates a new product in the Magento Admin, the system inserts a new table row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The entry typically contains the following attributes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>entity_id<\/strong> - The <strong><code>entity_id<\/code><\/strong> is the primary key of the <strong><code>catalog_product_entity<\/code><\/strong> table. Each product receives its unique <strong><code>entity_id<\/code><\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>entity_type_id<\/strong> - Magento separates entities into several categories such as customers, addresses, products, etc. The <strong><code>entity_type_id<\/code><\/strong> defines the category. For example, the number <em>4<\/em> is the default value of the product category.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/catalog-product-entity-table.png\" alt=\"A catalog_product_entity Magento table example.\" class=\"wp-image-2392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/catalog-product-entity-table.png 800w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/catalog-product-entity-table-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/catalog-product-entity-table-768x157.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>attribute_set_id<\/strong> - Products that share the same set of descriptors have the same <strong><code>attribute_set_id<\/code><\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>sku<\/strong> - Every product created in Magento receives a unique SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) designation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>created_at <\/strong>- Displays the time and date when each product was created.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong><code>catalog_category_product<\/code><\/strong> establishes a relationship between products and categories. If a product appears in several categories, it can have multiple table entries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rows in the <strong><code>catalog_category_entity<\/code><\/strong> table contain data about individual categories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Customers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A row in the <strong><code>customer_entity<\/code><\/strong> table contains data about a registered account\/user. The table contains basic customer information such as the customer's name, email, address, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>entity_id<\/strong> - When a customer signs up, the system creates a new row within the <strong><code>customer_entity<\/code><\/strong> table. The <strong><code>entity_id<\/code><\/strong> is immutable and is the primary key of the <strong><code>customer_entity<\/code><\/strong> table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>entity_type_id<\/strong> - The <strong><code>entity_type_id<\/code><\/strong> value shows which type of entity this record represents. The default value for the customer entity in Magento is <em>1<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"112\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/customer-entity-table-magento.png\" alt=\"A customer_entity table example in Magento.\" class=\"wp-image-2393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/customer-entity-table-magento.png 800w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/customer-entity-table-magento-300x42.png 300w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/customer-entity-table-magento-768x108.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>email<\/strong> - This field records the email address a customer enters when creating an account.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>created_at<\/strong> - This column shows the time and date the user joined the website.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Data about every user that signs up on a Magento website is stored in the <strong><code>customer_entity<\/code><\/strong> table even if they do not complete their purchase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sales<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong><code>sales_order<\/code><\/strong> table registers orders made on the website indicates which customer made the order, the order total, and when the customer made the order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>entity_id<\/strong> - Once a customer creates an order, the system creates a unique id value. The <strong><code>entity_id<\/code><\/strong> value is the primary key of the <strong><code>sales_order<\/code><\/strong> table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>customer_id<\/strong> - This column is the unique identifier of the customer who placed this particular order. The <strong><code>customer_id<\/code><\/strong> value represents the customer's <strong><code>entity_id<\/code><\/strong> value from the <strong><code>customer_entity<\/code><\/strong> table.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"109\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sales-order-table-magento.png\" alt=\"A sales_order Magento table example.\" class=\"wp-image-2391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sales-order-table-magento.png 800w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sales-order-table-magento-300x41.png 300w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sales-order-table-magento-768x105.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>subtotal<\/strong> - The subtotal represents the total amount the customer paid using this individual order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>created_at<\/strong> - The exact date and time when the customer created the order.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Rows in the <strong><code>sales_order_item<\/code><\/strong> table record individual order items. Each row contains details about individual products in each order, the quantity purchased, and the order associated with the item.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>item_id<\/strong> - The <strong><code>item_id<\/code><\/strong> column is the primary key of the <strong><code>sales_order_item<\/code><\/strong> table. If a customer purchases multiple products within the same order, each product creates a new row in the <strong><code>sales_order_item<\/code><\/strong> table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>name<\/strong> - The textual name of the product.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>product_id<\/strong> - The <strong><code>product_id<\/code><\/strong> corresponds to the <strong><code>entity_id<\/code><\/strong> value in the <strong><code>catalog_product_entity<\/code><\/strong> table.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sale-order-item-table-magento.png\" alt=\"The sales_order_item table in Magento.\" class=\"wp-image-2390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sale-order-item-table-magento.png 800w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sale-order-item-table-magento-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sale-order-item-table-magento-768x144.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>order_id<\/strong> - The <strong><code>order_id<\/code><\/strong> corresponds to the <strong><code>entity_id<\/code><\/strong> value in the <strong><code>sales_order<\/code><\/strong> table. It relates an individual order item to the order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>qty_ordered<\/strong> - This column shows the number of units of the product included in a specific order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>price<\/strong> - The <strong><code>price<\/code><\/strong> column contains prices for each product within the customer's order.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Magento stores shopping cart instances in the <strong><code>quotes<\/code><\/strong> table. The system stores both converted and abandoned shopping carts. The number of records can inflate the <strong><code>quotes<\/code><\/strong> table over time. It is necessary to delete records such as unconverted cart entries periodically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"h3\">Conclusion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You learned how the EAV model works and how Magento utilizes EAV to enable merchants to manage databases and introduce new attributes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This approach gives Magento merchants lots of flexibility and the opportunity to grow their product portfolio and customer base without compromising database speeds and performance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This guide explains how the EAV data model works and how Magneto utilizes this model to power its databases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-e-commerce","category-web-development"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Magento Database Types Explained | CCBill KB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Find out how Magento stores data and why the EAV model gives your databases an unprecedented level of flexibility.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ccbill.com\/kb\/magento-database-type\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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